New military cartridge types & latest innovations

The evolution of military cartridges

Military cartridges have undergone significant advancements over the years, driven by the need for improved accuracy, lethality, weight reduction, and environmental considerations. As modern warfare evolves, so does the demand for ammunition that enhances soldier performance and operational effectiveness. Designed to meet the specific requirements of different combat scenarios, these cartridges leverage cutting-edge materials and engineering techniques to maximize efficiency. Beretta Defense Technologies (BDT), through its expert ammunition subsidiaries – RWS, SwissP, Norma, MFS and Sako – leads the innovation. It offers fully integrated ammunition solutions that ensure peak performance and seamless compatibility across various weapon platforms, including submachine guns, rifles, pistols, and ignition components.

Key innovations in military cartridge technology

Recent advancements in military cartridge design focus on meeting specific mission requirements, from urban warfare to long-range engagements. Modern cartridges offer significant improvements over legacy ammunition, leveraging advanced materials, precision manufacturing, and cutting-edge ballistic engineering. These innovations enhance accuracy, penetration, and operational flexibility, ensuring that military personnel have access to the most effective ammunition solutions. These advancements are driven by industry leaders who continually refine and develop new technologies and solutions. Among them, BDT and its subsidiaries play a crucial role. This Alliance of companies plays a key role in these advancements, integrating their combined expertises, next-generation materials, and manufacturing techniques to develop cartridges that optimize performance across various combat scenarios. When it comes to ammunition, BDT’s portfolio is one of the most comprehensive in the industry. BDT Companies devoted to manufacturing and distribution of high quality ammunition and its components are RSW, SwissP, Norma, MFS and Sako.

RWS (founded in 1886) is specialized in the production of ammunition for military, defense, and sporting applications, offering a diverse range of high-performance cartridges designed to meet the stringent demands of armed forces worldwide. Known for its commitment to quality and innovation, RWS incorporates advanced manufacturing techniques and rigorous testing protocols to ensure reliability and effectiveness in the field. Their military cartridges often feature enhanced ballistics, providing superior accuracy and terminal performance, making them a preferred choice among military and law enforcement agencies.

Since its founding in 1863, SwissP has been recognized for its high-quality products and commitment to customer trust. The company develops and manufactures small-caliber ammunition in Thun, Switzerland. Its high-quality small-calibre ammunition products are the first choice for the military, police, security and special forces.

Norma, based in Sweden and founded in 1902, is another associate company of BDT. Norma Governmental Centerfire also uses Norma’s high-quality cases and is manufactured in the same facility as the rest of the Norma Centerfire ammunition. The Norma Governmental line ranges from 5.56 Nato to .338 Lapua Magnum and is continuously expanding. We offer a wide range of bullet types to meet the demands of the professional user such as steel core, ball, copper monolithic and armor piercing.

MFS, European small-caliber ammunition provider based in Hungary that delivers the best in class solution to accomplish challenging missions. Founded in 1952, MFS is a trusted, responsive and solution-driven partner of choice for many agencies all over the world.

Sako, founded in 1921 and acquired by Beretta Holding in 2000, is renowned for its high-precision ammunition used in civilian and military contexts. With a reputation for exceptional quality, Sako ammunition is crafted using state-of-the-art technology and meticulous attention to detail. This commitment to precision ensures that Sako cartridges deliver outstanding performance in various shooting conditions.

Below, we explore the latest breakthroughs in military cartridge technology, from low-recoil solutions, counter drone specialty ammunition, to high-velocity projectiles and environmentally sustainable designs.

Types of new military cartridges

• Low-Recoil Cartridges

Advancements in propellant formulations and projectile design have led to low-recoil cartridges that improve accuracy and controllability. These developments are particularly beneficial for rapid-fire scenarios and urban operations, where precision and reduced muzzle rise enhance tactical effectiveness. BDT integrates these innovations into its 5.7x28mm ammunition produced by RWS – partner of BDT -, designed for superior performance in close-quarters combat situations.

• High-Velocity Cartridges

New manufacturing techniques and specialized materials allow for higher projectile velocities, significantly extending effective range and penetration power. High-velocity cartridges enable soldiers to engage targets at greater distances with increased effectiveness, reducing exposure to enemy fire. RWS’s 7.62x51mm NATO cartridges offer enhanced ballistic performance for Assault rifles like the Beretta ARX 200. Recently, Norma has presented and introduced its Revolutionary Anti-Drone Long Effective Range Shotgun Shell Ammunition AD-LER specifically designed to combat modern drone threats. The AD-LER delivers unparalleled performance in anti-drone defense, utilizing a unique load composition and design to provide a highly effective solution for both military and law enforcement applications. The AD-LER’s tungsten load offers superior density and energy transfer, ensuring maximum impact on targets within its +100 meter effective range. The round is particularly effective in disrupting small drone operations, reducing the threat they pose in both civilian and combat scenarios. Optimal when integrated with a Benelli M4 A.I. Drone Guardian or a Beretta 1301.

• Urban Drone Defence (UDD)

The Urban Drone Defence (UDD) by RWS is an innovative solution for countering commercial drones and DIY UAVs, with a strong focus on safety in urban environments. It was presented for the first time at the Enforce Tac exhibition in Nuremberg (24-26 February 2025). The main features are represented by special short-range ammunition with a polymer projectile, designed for 7.62 x 51 caliber machine guns, minimizes collateral damage risks, reducing the danger zone by approximately 80% compared to conventional 7.62 x 51 caliber ammunition.
Available in two variants:

• UDD LIGHT (blue polymer projectile, 1.0g / 15 gr) – Optimized for distances up to 100m, ideal for densely populated urban areas.
• UDD HEAVY (grey polymer projectile, ≤ 3.0g / 46 gr) – Designed for distances up to 300m, suitable for suburban or rural defense.

This type of cartridge is also compatible with high-rate-of-fire machine guns and is composed of eco-friendly materials, featuring the SINTOX patented low-emission primer. In addition, they are X-ray detectable projectiles for recovery and post-operation assessment.
The UDD is positioned as a fast, effective, and cost-efficient solution for protecting critical infrastructure, military installations, and public safety.

• Eco-Friendly Cartridges

Sustainability is becoming a priority in military operations, leading to the development of lead-free projectiles, biodegradable casings, and low-emission propellants. Beretta Defense Technologies is committed to environmentally conscious innovation, incorporating green ammunition solutions such as its non-toxic, reduced-emission training rounds. In fact, BDT integrates lead-free projectiles, biodegradable casings, and low-emission propellants into its product lines. The companies under Beretta Holding are committed to this process of product sustainability. In particular:

• RWS offers the evolution green series, featuring lead-free bullets with food-grade tin cores for high effectiveness;
• SwissP is developing hybrid cartridge cases, combining different materials to reduce weight and environmental impact while maintaining high ballistic performance.

BDT’s efforts highlight its commitment to providing advanced ammunition solutions that meet modern operational requirements while promoting sustainability in the defense sector.

• Cartridges for Specific Weapons

Each military platform requires precisely engineered ammunition for optimal functionality. Key examples include:

• 5.56x45mm NATO: standard for assault rifles, balancing range, lethality, and recoil. Optimized for use with the Beretta NARP;
• 7.62x51mm NATO: preferred for designated marksman rifles, offering superior penetration and accuracy. Designed for platforms like the ARX 200 combined with Steiner optics and components for rapid target acquisition;
• .375 SwissP: long distance ammunition especially developed for the requirements of snipers. The new caliber is suitable for highly demanding situations and markedly increases the operational spectrum of the proven .338 weapon system. This new caliber fills the gap between .338 and .50 cal, providing the operator with a tactical advantage for the most diverse missions;
• .50 BMG: used in heavy machine guns and anti-materiel rifles, delivering unmatched stopping power. BDT companies provide specialized .50 BMG solutions for high-impact missions.

BDT provides specialized solutions tailored to these categories, ensuring compatibility and peak efficiency across different military applications.

Innovative materials and manufacturing technologies

• Advanced materials

The adoption of high-strength polymers, composite materials, and specialized alloys has led to lighter and more durable ammunition. For example, carbon fiber is used as a continuous reinforcement in advanced polymer matrices, offering a high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. These characteristics are particularly beneficial in aerospace and military applications, where weight reduction without compromising strength is crucial.

• Cutting-edge manufacturing processes

Technologies such as 3D printing, micro-manufacturing, and precision machining allow for the production of components with extremely tight tolerances and superior consistency. 3D printing, in particular, enables the creation of complex geometries that would be difficult or impossible to achieve with traditional methods. The U.S. Army, for example, has used additive manufacturing to produce critical components with reduced production times and costs.
Additionally, micro 3D printing is emerging as a promising technology, allowing for the miniaturization of parts and components. This technique could have significant applications in the defense sector, enabling the production of smaller, lighter components without sacrificing functionality.
These advancements in materials and manufacturing processes not only enhance the ballistic performance of ammunition but also contribute to greater efficiency and sustainability, addressing modern operational needs.

The future of military cartridges

The next generation of ammunition technology is poised to transform military operations. Trends such as caseless and telescoped ammunition offer potential weight and space savings, while energy-based weapon systems may redefine battlefield engagement strategies.

Beretta Defense Technologies companies remain committed to pushing the boundaries of military cartridge innovation, investing in research and development to deliver next-generation solutions that enhance mission success.

For military professionals seeking cutting-edge ammunition solutions, Beretta Defense Technologies provides a comprehensive range of high-performance cartridges designed to meet the demands of modern combat scenarios. In this article it is possible to find additional information about this topic, and explore other environments of application by BDT.

Contact BDT is encouraged to explore custom ammunition solutions and collaborative R&D opportunities.